Teaching Legal Writing Badly

Eugene Volokh notes that sometimes it's perfectly appropriate to use the passive voice:

In particular, if your discussion focuses more on the object than on the subject (the actor), it's often better to use the passive voice, which has a similar focus. If you’re writing about the substance of the USA Patriot Act, for instance, the passive sentence "The Act was adopted shortly after the September 11 attacks" may be better than the active "Congress adopted the Act shortly after the September 11 attacks." The passive voice properly focuses the discussion on the Act, where you want it to be, rather than on Congress, which is not terribly relevant to your thesis.

Which prompts this comment from a law student:

In my last legal brief (1L here) I made three specific and intentional uses of the passive voice to re-focus the sentence to where I wanted the reader's attention. My professor "corrected" all three of them. She made so many "corrections" of what were stylistic choices (actually marking them as mistakes) that I'm doubting her credibility as both teacher and author.

Which prompts two thoughts. First, the slavish antipathy to the passive voice demonstrated by MS Word's garammar check is second only to that of most law review editors. Second, legal writing instructors who focus on style at the expense of legal reasoning, Bluebooking, proper use of citations, proper use of authority, and so on, are doing their students a serious disservice. Yet, I suspect, many do so.

In an ideal world, both law review editors and legal writing instructors would check with the author to see if s/he made a deliberate choice in these matters.

Posted on Thursday, April 05 2007 | Permalink

The problem with teaching writing in general is that most books on “good” writing focus on lists of grammatical rules.  There are few theories of what makes writing clear.  The exception that I have found is that of Joseph Williams books on the subject, which I recommend to anyone interested in the subject.  This is not a master theory—there can be none because practically every “rule” will be broken by a good writers with confidence.  But it is a workable theory of what makes writing more understable for most people, most of the time.

Posted by  on  04/05  at  05:32 PM

I’m sure I’ll get some agreement from the ex-clerks and judicial interns in the audience that style matters way more than Bluebooking.  Of course, style can be taught badly (as the example quoted above shows), but that doesn’t mean it should be deemphasized in favor of teaching more rote memorization of rules - if you’re competent to get into and get passing grades in law school, you should be competent to look up a Bluebook rule here and there.  The same logic doesn’t hold true for clear, convincing, effective style, and thus some emphasis in any legal writing course should be given to these matters.

Posted by  on  04/05  at  07:56 PM

There’s a similarly dreary adherence to the active voice in journalism. As a general rule there, it’s not a bad one, but as Orwell wrote in “Politics and the English Language,” it’s better to “break any of these rules soon than say anything outright barbarous.”

Posted by  on  04/05  at  08:51 PM

It all started with the fetishizing of Hemingway and Strunk & White (I say with tongue only partly in cheek)--none whom are particularly good writers, in my humble opinion.  To me these are like a literary version of the Olive Garden--if you can’t cook go competent bland so as not to offend anyone.  If you can’t write, adopt Strunk & White (or the Bluebook) as your Bible to be mindlessly adhered regardless of the circumstances.  Give me Dumas any day!

Posted by  on  04/06  at  04:43 PM
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